how mobile phone work?

how mobile phone work?

A mobile phone is made up of 5 parts; an earpiece, a microphone, a transceiver, an antenna and a battery. Mobile phone technology depends on two steps; transmission and reception. In the transmission process, the sound waves are converted into electrical signals and transmitted. This signal is then picked up by one of the radio receiver in one of the base stations that forms a mobile network. The mobile phone network is made up of a group of cells that are hexagonal in shape. Each cell is designated to serve a specific geographical area that are several kilometres in diameter.
Each cell has an exclusive base station and is linked to a Mobile Telephone Switching Centre (MTSC). This MTSC connects the call to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Each base station consists of a transmission- reception tower and 3 sets of antennas. Now each network cell uses a different radio channel in order to avoid interferences. Mobile phones have the capability to switch between one channel to another in a short time. This is done when the user travels from one network defined area into another.
A base station can be divided into 3 types; a macrocell system, a microcell system and a picocell system. A Macro-cell is the largest amongst the three and is the one that provides maximum coverage for mobile phone networks. A Micro-cell is a mainly used to improvise the capacity in high demand areas. The Pico-Cell is used in buildings and closed areas for providing the appropriate range as well as to boost the signal strength.
At the reception end, the signal is sent from the nearest base station to the concerned mobile unit, wherein the antenna picks up the signal. The transceiver converts the received signal into sound waves and then feeds it into the loudspeaker or the earpiece. Although the transmission and reception are done simultaneously, there is no chance of interference. This is because of using two different frequencies for transmission and reception. The uplink frequency is used to transmit the signal from the mobile unit to the base station, while the downlink frequency is used to receive the signals from the base station.
Thus a mobile phone acts a a two-way radio communication system. Depending on your mobile equipment and service provider, you may make use of different frequencies.
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